PAPER NO. – I (ii) Module-II
RESEARCH PROCESS AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
UNIT-I EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
1.1 Scientific method and experimental research
1.2 Characteristics of experimental method
1.3 Experimental control
1.4 Experimental design
§ Single group design
§ Repeated measure design
§ Static group comparison
§ Random groups design
§ Post-test only random group design
§ Related groups design
§ Rotation group design
§ Factorial design
UNIT-II AREAS OF RESEARCH
2.1 Research in exercise and sport physiology
2.2 Motor learning and motor control
2.3 Psychological studies
2.4 Bio mechanical research
2.5 Growth and development research
UNIT-III PREPARATION OF RESEARCH REPORT
3.1 Formulating and submitting research proposal
3.2 Organization of thesis report
3.3 Technical aspects of writing research report
3.4 Use of illustrative material
3.5 Considerations in writing report and abstract
UNIT-IV PROBABILITY CURVE
4.1 Meaning and principles of normal curve
4.2 Binominal expansion and properties of normal curve
4.3 Comparison of various scales
UNIT-V RELATIONSHIP AND COMPARATIVE STATISTICS
5.1 Principles of relationship
5.2 Coefficient of correlation
5.3 Product moment correlation
5.4 t-ratio – independent and paired
5.5 ANOVA – one way and two way
REFERENCES
PAPER NO. – V
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY TECHNIQUES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
OBJECTIVES
- To understand teaching as a process.
- To know and apply the knowledge of methods and techniques of teaching.
- To develop lesson plan for different activities and population.
- To get acquainted with the developmental aspects of motor and skill development.
- To understand the use of technology in physical education.
- To familiarize with the use of ICT in physical education.
UNIT-I TEACHING PROCESS
1.1 Effective teaching and teacher responsibilities.
1.2 A review of methods of teaching.
1.3 Techniques of presentation and class management skills.
UNIT-II PLANNING LESSON
2.1 Structure and stages of lesson plan
2.2 Preparing for a lesson plan
2.3 Finding material and tapping resources
2.4 Feed back: teachers self evaluation, student feed back on lesson content and lesson effectiveness
UNIT-III DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM
3.1 Developmental curriculum
3.2 Physical education content
3.3 Movement skill development
- Stability skills
- Manipulative skills
- Locomotor and non-locomotor skills
3.4 Developmental games, modified games, dance and gymnastics
UNIT-IV TECHNOLOGY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS
4.1 Initiating technology
4.2 Use of Audio/Video technology
4.3 Image analysis
4.4 Technological devices used in Physical activity, sports (adobe premier, underwater camera, various measuring tools, wind gauges, foul indicators, electronic gadgets, adobe Photoshop, Microsoft animation, laser beam technology, LCD display, software for different game and sports)
UNIT-V USE OF ICT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
5.1 Computer analysis instructional software
- Assessing student learning
- Using technology to improve instructional process
- Use of World Wide Web
5.2 Power point presentation
REFERENCES
1. Adams William C. Foundation of Physical Education Exercise and Sports Sciences, Philadelphia, 1991
2. Gupta Rakesh, Sharma Akhilesh, and Sharma Santosh, Professional Preparation and Curriculum Design in Physical Education & sports Sciences, New Delhi, Friends Publications, 2004
3. Hoover. Kenneth H., The Professional Teacher’s Handbook, Boston, Allyn and Bacoon, 1972
4. Krik David, Physical Education and Curriculum Study, Kent, Croom Helm, 1988
5. Sandhu Kiran, Professional Preparation and Career Development in Physical Education, New Delhi, Friends Publications, 2004
6. Sandhu Kiran, Trends and Development in Professional Preparation in Physical Education, New Delhi, Friends Publication, 2006
7. Wessel Janet A, and Kelly Luke, Achievement-Based Curriculum Development in Physical Education, Philadepia, Lea and Febiger, 1986
8. Zeigler E.F, Professional and Scholarly Foundation of Physical Education and Kinesiology, Sports Educational Technologies, 2007
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – ATHLETICS
FOCUSED ATHLETIC EVENTS
:
Running : Middle Distance, Long Distance, Cross Country, Race Walking
Jumps : High Jump & Pole Vault
Throws : Javelin & Hammer
UNIT-I TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATIONS
1.1 Important motor components
1.2 Structure and process of improvement in performance
1.3 Principles of training load and various training methods
1.4 Causes, symptoms and management of overload
UNIT-II TECHNICAL PREPARATION FOR FOCUSED ATHLETIC EVENTS
2.1 Motor abilities required
2.2 Technical preparation
2.3 Marking, construction and maintenance of track & field
2.4 Physical, physiological, psychological and sociological preparation of athletes
UNIT-III COMPETITION PLANNING AND PERIODIZATION
3.1
Types of
competition planning
(long term & short term) and preparatory, competition and transition
periods/season
3.2 Cyclic process of training : micro, meso and macro cycles of training
3.3 Preparation of training schedules
3.4 Tactical efficiency
UNIT-IV TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
4.1 Physical fitness tests
4.2 Motor ability tests
4.3 Keeping performance record
UNIT-V TEACHING LESSONS
5.1 Means, methods and process of classroom teaching
5.2 Preparation of teaching lesson-plans : characteristics & principles
5.3 Stages of teaching
5.4 Use of teaching aids
PRACTICALS
1. Different techniques of specified events : running (middle distance, long distance, cross country race and walking); jumps (high jump & pole vault); throws (javelin & hammer)
2. Practical applications of tactics
3. Training means for development of strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, coordinative abilities
4. Observing and assessing the video/tournament recording/movie and preparing a report
5. Teaching lessons
REFERENCES
Athletics
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – AQUATICS (SWIMMING, DIVING & WATER-POLO)
UNIT-I TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATIONS
1.1 Important motor components
1.2 Structure and process of improvement of performance
1.3 Principles of training load and various training methods
1.4 Causes, symptoms and management of overload
UNIT-II SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE
2.1 Anatomical and physiological considerations
2.2 Biomechanical considerations
2.3 Psychological environment
2.4 Scientific research reviews
UNIT-III COMPETITION PLANNING AND PERIODIZATION
3.1 Long term and short term planning, main and build-up competitions
3.2 Cyclic process of training : micro, meso and macro cycles
3.3 Preparation of training schedules for all the three seasons
3.4 Tactical efficiency
UNIT-IV TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
4.1 Fitness tests
4.2 Skill tests
4.3 Periodical assessment of performance
UNIT-V TEACHING LESSONS
5.1 Means, methods and process of classroom teaching
5.2 Preparation of teaching lesson-plans : characteristics & principles
5.3 Different stages/phases of technique learning/teaching, their applications and principles
5.4 Use of teaching aids
PRACTICALS
1. Practical applications of techniques and tactics
2. Training means for development and measurement of strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordinative abilities
3. Observing and assessing the video/tournament recording/movie and preparing a report
4. Teaching lessons
REFERENCES
Aquatics
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – BADMINTON
UNIT-I TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATIONS
1.1 Important motor components
1.2 Structure and process for improvement of performance
1.3 Various training methods and principles of training load
1.4 Causes and symptoms of overload
1.5 Management of overload
UNIT-II SCIENTIFIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE
2.1 Anatomical considerations
2.2 Physiological considerations
2.3 Biomechanical considerations
2.4 Psychological consideration
2.5 Scientific research reviews
UNIT-III COMPETITION PLANNING AND PERIODIZATION
3.1 Long term and short term planning for competition
3.2 Cyclic process of training : micro, meso and macro cycles
3.3 Preparation of training schedules
3.4 Tactical efficiency
3.5 Build-up and main competitions
UNIT-IV TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
4.1 Introduction, importance of test, measurement and evaluation in badminton
4.2 Fitness tests
4.3 Skill tests
4.4 Knowledge tests
4.5 Periodical assessment of performance
UNIT-V TEACHING LESSONS
5.1 Means & methods
5.2 Teaching lessons, process of classroom teaching
5.3 Preparation of teaching lesson-plans : characteristics & principles
5.4 Stages of teaching
5.5 Use of teaching aids
PRACTICALS
1. Practical applications of tactics and strategies
2. Training means for development and measurement of strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordinative abilities
3. Observing and assessing the video/tournament recording/movie and preparing a report
4. Teaching lessons
REFERENCES
Badminton
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – BASKETBALL
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2 Techniques of coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre match, during and post match, individual and group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4 Talent identification to select the winning combination – the offense and the defense
1.5 Team building
1.6 Coaching lesson plan
UNIT-II COMPETITION PLANNING
2.1 Long - term and short - term preparation for the decisive basketball competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a basketball player
2.3 Team system and tactical training
§ Offensive system in play
§ Defense system in play
§ Dribbling and shooting pattern
§ Individual , group and team tactics
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a basketball player
2.5 The coordination among the coach, doctor, psychologist and the players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.2 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN BASKETBALL
5.1 Ankle sprain, jammed thumb, shoulder dislocation, wrist twist, rib injuries
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
1. Scouting for various teams
o Direct scouting
o Indirect scouting
2. Officiating practice
3. Assisting the physiotherapy department in injury management
REFERENCES
Basket Ball
1. Ambler, V., How to Play Basket Ball, Delhi : Paper Balls, 1984.
2. Pruitt, Jim, Play Better Basket Ball, Great Britain: Matchplan Books, 1983.
3. Prutti, Jim, Play Better Basket Ball, Matchplay Books, 1984.
4. Thani, Lokesh, Skills & Tactics of Basket Ball, ND : Sport Pub., 1995.
5. Nat B. B Conditioning Coaches Association, NBA Power Conditioning, Human Kinetics, 1997
6. Jain, Naveen Play and Learn Basket Ball, Khel Sahitya Kendra, New Delhi-2003
7. Sharma O.P. Basket Ball Skills and Rules, Khel Sahitya Kendra Delhi-2003
8. Thani, Yograj, Coaching Successfully Basket Ball, Sports Publisher, Delhi-2002
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – CRICKET
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2 Techniques of coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre-match, during and post-match, individual and group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4 Talent-identification to select the winning combination
1.5 Team building
1.6 Coaching lesson plan
UNIT- II COMPETITION PLANNING
2.1 Long-term and short-term preparation for the decisive cricket competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a cricketer
2.3 Team system and tactical training
· Offensive system in play
· Defense system in play
· Individual group and team tactics
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a cricketer
2.5 The coordination among the coach, doctor, psychologist and players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.2 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super-compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN CRICKET
5.1
Ankle sprain,
finger injuries, shoulder dislocation, knee displacement, rotator’s
cuff
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
PRACTICALS
1. Practical efficiency in performance & demonstration of different advanced techniques
Basic Skills and Techniques:
Batting - forward defense, backward defense, all types of drives, glance, cut, pull, sweep
a. Bowling - medium pace, leg spin, off spin and their improvisation
b. Fielding - catching, ground fielding, close and deep fielding
c. Wicket-keeping
2. Practical application of different tactics
3. Test, measurement & evaluation
(a) Skill tests (throwing ability, running between wicket, target hitting)
(b) Tests for different fitness components
4. Coaching lesson - 5 (five) internal lessons
REFERENCES
Cricket
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – FOOTBALL
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2
Techniques of coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre match, during and post match,
individual and group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4
Talent
identification to select the winning combination – the offense and the
defense
1.5 Team building
1.6 Coaching lesson plan
UNIT-II COMPETITION PLANNING
2.1 Long - term and short - term preparation for the decisive football competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a football player
2.3 Team system and tactical training
· Offensive system in play
· Defense system in play
· Dribbling and reception pattern
· Individual , group and team tactics
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a football player
2.5 The coordination among the coach, doctor, psychologist and the players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.2 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super – compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN FOOTBALL
5.1 Ankle sprain,
finger injuries, shoulder dislocation, knee displacement and head
injuries
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
PRACTICAL
1. Tackling the ball – basic, slide, shoulder charge
2. Feinting – with the ball, without the ball, with an opponent behind and alongside the dribble
3. Correct skill of throw in – throwing a ball, faults occurring, required instruction
4. Goal keeping - throwing a ball with one hand, rolling the ball along the ground, ground kick, air kick
5. Penalty kick
REFERENCES
Football
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – GYMNASTICS
UNIT-I PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION AND CHILDREN TRAINING IN GYMNASTICS
1.1 Psychological preparation of a gymnast
§ Principles and methods of development of mental pre-requisite for training
§ Mental preparation for competition
§ Mental training during competition
§ Attention and its role in gymnastics
1.2 Children training in gymnastics
§ Aims and objectives
§ Principles and procedure of training
§ Construction of an exercise/routines for various levels of competitions
UNIT-II SPORTS NUTRITION
2.1 Nutrition in gymnastics
§ Meaning, definition and classification of nutrition
§ Basic components of nutrition
§ Energy requirements and body composition in gymnastics
§ Role of diet in pre-competition, during competition and off-session phases
2.2 Fluid and its role in gymnastics
§ Pre-session
§ In-session
§ During competition
§ Off-session
UNIT-III WORLD GYMNASTICS PARTICIPATION GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS
3.1 World Gymnasstrada participation guidelines
§ The meaning of World Gymnasstrada
§ The goals of World Gymnasstrada
§ World Gymnasstrada as an inducement for purposeful national federation activities
§ World Gymnasstrada programmed
§ Training of instructors for World Gymnasstrada participation
§ Safety – physiological and morpho-functional aspect, technical aspect, aspect of direct assistance (spotting)
3.2 World Gymnasstrada regulations (Application- World Gymnasstrada - objectives, powers, implementation, scope and programme, participation and registration, facilities and scheduling, general organisation, finance, complementary events, conducting provisions)
UNIT-IV DEVELOPMENT OF CODE OF POINTS AND EVALUATION OF DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY
4.1 Development of code of conduct of point : rhythmic gymnastics, sports aerobics, trampoline gymnastics, sports acrobatic
§ Qualifications, rights and duties of president of MTC, TC members, chair of the jury, judges for Jury A, technical assistant, judges of Jury B, team judges and service personnel
§ Generalities of evaluation of exercises
4.2 Evaluation of degree of difficulty in rhythmic gymnastics, sports aerobic gymnastics, trampoline gymnastics, sports acrobatic gymnastics
UNIT-V THEORY OF:
5.1 Sports Aerobics Gymnastics
§ Group-A : Dynamic strength
§ Group-B : Static strength
§ Group-C : Jumps and leaps
§ Group-D : Balance and flexibility
5.2 Sports Acrobatic Gymnastics
§ Mixed
§ Men double
§ Women double
§ Quadrapt – four men
5.3 Professional preparation in Gymnastics
§ Outline a proposal of starting gymnastics in school, college and club
§ Prepare a detailed orientation/clinic/workshop in gymnastics
5.4 Teaching lessons (preparation, stages of teaching and use of teaching aids)
PRACTICAL
1. Sports Aerobics Gymnastics
§ Group-A : Dynamic strength
§ Group-B : Static strength
§ Group-C : Jumps and leaps
§ Group-D : Balance and flexibility
2. Sports Acrobatic Gymnastics
§ Mixed
§ Men double
§ Women double
§ Quadrapt – four men
3. Assignment/Project
§ Professional preparation in gymnastics
o Outline a proposal of starting gymnastics in school, college and club
o Prepare a detailed orientation/clinic/workshop in gymnastics
§ Observing and assessing the video/tournament recording/movie and preparing a report
4. Teaching lessons (preparation, stages of teaching and use of teaching aids)
REFERENCES
Gymnastics
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – HANDBALL
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2 Techniques of coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre match, during and post match, individual and group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4 Talent identification to select the winning combination – the offense and the defense
1.5 Team building
1.6 Coaching lesson plan
UNIT-II COMPETITION PLANNING
2.1 Long-term and short-term preparation for the decisive handball competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a handball player
2.3 Team system and tactical training
· Offensive system in play
· Defense system in play
· Individual , group and team tactics
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a handball player
2.5 The coordination among the coach, doctor, psychologist and players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.2 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN HANDBALL
5.1 Ankle sprain, finger injuries, shoulder dislocation, knee displacement, rotator’s cuff
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
REFERENCES
Handball
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – HOCKEY
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2 Techniques of coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre-match, during and post match, individual and group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4 Talent - identification to select the winning combination – the offense and the defense
1.5 Team – building
1.6 Coaching lesson plan
UNIT-II COMPETITION PLANNING
2.1 Long - term and short term preparation for the decisive hockey competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a hockey player
2.3 Team system and tactical training
· Offensive system in play
· Defense system in play
· Hitting and receiving pattern
· Individual , group and team tactics
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a hockey player
2.5 Coordination among
team management personnel - the coach, doctor,
psychologist, coach and the players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.3 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super – compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN HOCKEY
5.1 Ankle sprain, shoulder dislocation, knee displacement, cuts
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
PRACTICALS
1. Tackling– basic, slide
2. Feinting – with the ball, with an opponent behind and alongside the dribble
3. Goal keeping
4. Penalty kick
REFERENCES
Hockey
1. Dubey, H.C. Hockey, New Delhi, Discovery Publishing House, 1999
2. International Hockey Federation, Rules of the Game of Hockey with Guidance for Players and Umpires. India, International Hockey Federation, 2003.
3. Jain, D., Hockey Skills & Rules New Delhi, khel Sahitya Kendra, 2003.
4. Narang, P., Play & Learn Hockey, Khel Sahitya Kendra, New Delhi, 2003
5. Thani Yograj., Coaching Successfully Hockey, Delhi, Sports Publication, 2002.
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – JUDO
UNIT-I TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATIONS
1.1 Important motor components
1.2 Structure and process of improvement of performance
1.3 Principles of training load and various training methods
1.4 Causes, symptoms and management of overload
UNIT-II SCIENTIFIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE
2.1 Anatomical and physiological considerations
2.2 Biomechanical considerations
2.3 Psychological considerations
2.4 Scientific research reviews
UNIT-III COMPETITION PLANNING AND PERIODIZATION
3.1 Long term and short term panning, main and build-up competitions
3.2 Cyclic process of training : micro, meso and macro cycles
3.3 Preparation of training schedules
3.4 Tactical efficiency
UNIT-IV TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
4.1 Fitness tests
4.2 Skill tests
4.3 Knowledge tests
4.4 Assessment of performance for better efficiency or performance analysis
UNIT-V TEACHING LESSONS
5.1 Means, methods and process of classroom teaching
5.2 Preparation of teaching lesson-plans : characteristics and principles
5.3 Different stages/phases of technique learning/teaching, their applications and principles
5.4 Use of teaching aids
PRACTICALS
1. Practical applications of techniques and tactics
2. Training means for development and measurement of strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordinative abilities
3. Observing and assessing the video/tournament recording/movie and preparing a report
4. Teaching lessons
REFERENCES
Judo
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – KABADDI
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2 Techniques of coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre match, during and post match, individual and group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4 Talent- identification to select the winning combination – the offense and the defense
1.5 Team building
1.6 Coaching - lesson plan
UNIT-II COMPETITION PLANNING
2.1 Long - term and short term preparation for the decisive Kabaddi competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a Kabaddi player
2.3 Team system and tactical training
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a Kabaddi player
2.5 The coordination among the coach, doctor, psychologist and players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.2 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super – compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN KABADDI
5.1 Ankle sprain, foot injuries, shoulder dislocation, knee displacement, wrist displacement
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
REFERENCES
Kabaddi
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – KHO-KHO
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2
Techniques of
coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre match, during and post match, individual and
group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4 Talent identification to select the winning combination – the offense and the defense
1.5 Team building
1.6 Coaching lesson plan
UNIT-II COMPETITION PLANNING
2.1 Long-term and short - term preparation for the decisive volleyball competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a volleyball player
2.3 Team system and tactical training
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a Kho-kho player
2.5 Coordination among the coach, doctor, psychologist and players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.2 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN KHO-KHO
5.1 Ankle sprain, shoulder dislocation, knee displacement
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
REFERENCES
Kho-Kho
PAPER NO. – III (ii) Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – TABLE-TENNIS
UNIT-I TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATIONS
1.1 Important motor components
1.2 Structure and process for improvement of performance
1.3 Various training methods and principles of training load
1.4 Causes and symptoms of overload
1.5 Management of overload
UNIT-II SCIENTIFIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE
2.1 Anatomical considerations
2.2 Physiological considerations
2.3 Biomechanical considerations
2.4 Psychological consideration
2.5 Scientific research reviews
UNIT-III COMPETITION PLANNING AND PERIODIZATION
3.1 Long term and short term planning for competition
3.2 Cyclic process of training : micro, meso and macro cycles
3.3 Preparation of training schedules
3.4 Tactical efficiency
3.5 Build-up and main competitions
UNIT-IV TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
4.1 Introduction, importance of test, measurement and evaluation in Table Tennis
4.2 Fitness tests
4.3 Skill tests
4.4 Knowledge tests
4.5 Periodical assessment of performance
UNIT-V TEACHING LESSONS
5.1 Means & methods
5.2 Teaching lessons, process of classroom teaching
5.3 Preparation of teaching lesson-plans : characteristics & principles
5.4 Stages of teaching
5.5 Use of teaching aids
PRACTICALS
1. Practical applications of tactics and strategies
2. Training means for development and measurement of strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordinative abilities
3. Observing and assessing the video/tournament recording/movie and preparing a report
4. Teaching lessons
REFERENCES
Table Tennis
1. Jain, Deepak, Teaching and Coaching -Table Tennis, Delhi : Khel S.K., 2001.
2. Narang, P., Play & Learn Table Tennis, Khel Sahitaya Kendra, 2005.
3. Narang, P., Play and Learn Table Tennis, New Delhi: K.S.K, 2003.
4. Parker, D., Take Up Table Tennis, Springfield Books Ltd., 1989.
5. Simpson, Peter, Successful Table Tennis, London : Charles Letts, 1980.
6. Taylor, R., Sports Action-Table Tennis, London, 1989.
7.
Thani, Lokesh,
Skills and Tactics Table Tennis,
Delhi:
Sports, 1998
PAPER NO. – III (ii)
Module-II
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – VOLLEYBALL
UNIT-I COACHING PHILOSOPHY
1.1 Principles and objectives of coaching
1.2
Techniques of
coaching – pep talk, coaching- pre match, during and post match, individual and
group coaching
1.3 Coaching schedule – seasonal, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
1.4 Talent identification to select the winning combination – the offense and the defense
1.5 Team building
1.6 Coaching lesson plan
2.1 Long - term and short - term preparation for the decisive volleyball competitions
2.2 Psychological qualities and preparation of a volleyball player
2.3 Team system and tactical training
2.4 Diet and nutrition for a volleyball player
2.5 Coordination among the coach, doctor, psychologist and players
UNIT-III SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 Anthropometrical and physiological considerations
3.2 Biomechanical analysis of skills
UNIT-IV TRAINING LOAD AND ADAPTATION
4.1 Principles of load and adaptation
4.2 Fatigue, recovery and super compensation
4.3 Overload and its management
UNIT-V INJURIES IN VOLLEYBALL
5.1 Ankle sprain, finger injuries, shoulder dislocation, knee displacement
5.2 Preventive and safety measures
5.3 Rehabilitation
REFERENCES
Volley Ball
GAME OF SPECIALIZATION – YOGA
UNIT-I SCHOOLS OF YOGA :
1.1 Ashtanga yoga, hatha
yaga, laya yoga, mantra yoga, bhakti yoga, karma yoga,
jan yoga, raj yoga
UNIT-II PATANJALI ASHTANGA YOGA :
2.1 Bahiranga yoga : yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara
2.2 Antaranga yoga : dharna, dhyana, samadhi
UNIT-III APPLIED ASPECTS OF YOGA :
3.1 Yoga and sport
3.2 Yoga and research
3.3 Yoga in external climatic conditions
UNIT-IV YOGA AND HEALTH :
4.1 Corporate yoga
4.2 Yoga for healthy lifestyle
4.3 Common diseases and their yogic treatment
UNIT-V TEACHING LESSONS :
5.1 Yoga – teaching methodology
5.2 Teaching practice, techniques and modules
5.3 Preparing teaching lessons in yoga
1. Repetition of syllabus of Semester-I
2. Tests of flexibility, concentration, VO2 max., balance
3. Observing and assessing the video/tournament recording/movie and preparing a report
4. Teaching lessons
REFERENCES
Yoga
PAPER NO. – IV (ii) Module-II
SUBJECT SPECIALIZATION – EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
UNIT-1 Environmental considerations during exercise
1.1 Exercise in Hot and Cold conditions
· Thermoregulatory mechanism
· Exercise in the Hot and Cold conditions: Physiological response, fluid electrolyte balance during exercise, Health Risks Associated with Exposure to heat and cold.
· Acclimatization.
1.2 Exercise in Space, Altitude & Underwater:
· Space and exercise: problems of exercise/work at space (zero gravity), physiological alteration with chronic microgravity exposure.
· High altitude exercise: physiological response and associated health risk, acclimatization, high altitude training.
· Under water exercise: Physiological response and Health risks
UNIT-2 SPECIAL POPULATION IN EXERCISE AND SPORT
2.1 Children and Adolescents in Sport and Exercise
· Growth and development of tissues
· Physical activity and fitness promotion
· Recognizing limits in training
· Physical performance in young athlete
2.2 Women in Sports and Exercise
· Specific issues: gynecological considerations: body size/dimensions and physiological differences with male counterpart.
· Female athlete triad
· Sports performance
· Acute response and chronic adaptation
· Expectant mother and exercise guidelines
UNIT-3 PHYSIOLOGY OF WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
3.1
· Exercise: The Key to Weight Management, Physiological foundation of obesity
· Role of exercise, dieting and combination of exercising and dieting in weight
loss
· Low intensity versus high- intensity exercise for weight loss
· Healthy weight loss
· Weight loss myths
· Physiological guidelines of losing weight.
· Diet monitoring
UNIT-4 EXERCISE PRESCRIPTIONS FOR FITNESS COMPONENTS
4. 1 Cardio respiratory exercise prescription
4. 2 Physiology of Strength-Training
· Factors affecting strength development
· Principles of strength training
· Plyometrics
· Core strength training
· Exercise guidelines, assessment at initial stage, quantum of load/ prevention of injury.
UNIT-5 PRESCRIPTION FOR INITIALCONDITIONING, IMPROVEMENTAND MAINTENANCE
5.1 Stimulus for Adaptation to Cardiovascular and Musclo Skeletal System
· Training session components
· General versus Individualized exercise prescription:
· Cardio respiratory fitness: exercise intensity
1. Percentage of heart rate reserve
Percent VO2 max reserve
· Energy expenditure
· Flexibility
· Muscular strength/endurance
· Progression through exercise prescription
5.2 Assessing Goals and Commitment To Exercise:
· Assessment of health-related fitness
· Modification of behavior
· Monitoring behavior
· Periodic re-evaluation of the three steps above
PRACTICAL:
REFERENCES
PAPER NO. – IV (ii) Module-II
SUBJECT SPECIALIZATION – SPORTS BIO-MECHANICS
UNIT – I
1. THE STUDY OF RELATED SUBJECTS
The Skeletal system and its Articulations.
The skeletal system, articulations and properties.
Biomechanics and related subjects
Kinanthropometric characteristics effecting the mechanics of human movement
Functional aspects of the muscular system
Types and functions of muscular of tension
All and none law
Strength of contraction
Group action of Muscles
Reciprocal innervation
Muscular Fatigue
UNIT - II
3. BIOMECHANICS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Lever like arrangements, wheel and axle like arrangements, Pulley
like arrangements,
general consideration of muscular skeletal machines.
Aspects of fitness, resistance devices used in training, strength, muscular endurance, muscular power, flexibility.
UNIT - III
5. LINEAR MOVEMENT RESPONSES TO APPLIED FORCES
Linear speed and velocity, linear acceleration, the relationship of force, mass and linear acceleration, centripetal force and radial acceleration.
Linear momentum, linear impulse, conservation of linear momentum, kinetic energy.
6. ROTARY MOVEMENT RESPONSE TO APPLIED TORQUES
Angular speed and velocity, linear velocity of a point on a rotating body, angular acceleration, the relationship of torque, rotational inertia and angular acceleration.
Angular momentum, angular impulse, conservation of angular momentum within a system, vector resolution of angular momentum.
UNIT - IV
7. ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES IN WHICH THE BODY ROTATES FREE OF SUPPORT
The human body in rotary motion, initiating rotations, analysis of rotations while airborne.
The human body in supported rotary motion, conservation of segmental momentum in a supported system, application of angular momentum principles to a supported body.
Biomechanics of throw like patterns, analysis of sport skills using the kinetic link principle, comparisons of similar skills within the same pattern, performance errors: teaching and coaching applications, developmental patterns: teaching implications.
Force activities, power activities, and accuracy activities.
UNIT – V :
9. BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF MOVEMENTS
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS
definition of kinesiological analysis, mechanical analysis, and biomechanical analysis
brief knowledge about qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
ANALYSIS OF FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
Walking, Running, Jumping, Throwing, Lifting, Pulling, Pushing, Catching, Climbing
Method of one fundamental skill will be taught Other skill will be given as assignment
ANALYSIS OF SPORTS SKILL
Athletics, Gymnastics, Swimming, Football, Hockey, Basketball, Volleyball, Cricket & Judo
method of one of the sports skill will be taught Other skill will be given as assignment
1. Evaluation of dynamogram recorded from force place and/ or force Transducers of a simple movement i.g. Vertical jump.
2. Use of bio- feed back in basic human movement.
3. Use of Different type of direct measurement techniques in basic human movement (Goniomtre).
4. Measurement of Muscle Anthropomety (cross sectional area, change of muscle length during movement, force per unit cross sectional etc).
5. Use of computer programme for determining length of throw in jump or shot put.
6. Use of computer programme for determining optimum angle of a projection in throw or jump.
7. Use of Electromyography of Isometric Tension and / muscle shortening and lengthening and/ fatigue.
8. Evaluation of dynamogram to draw a velocity-time graph, distance- time graph.
REFERENCES
1. Basis of Human Motion. 8th ed, Brown & Bench mark.
2. Gowitzke, B.A. and Milner, M. (1988). Scientific Bases of Human Movement. (3rd. ed.), Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
3. Grimshaw, Paul., Lees, Adrian., Flower, Neil.,& Burden, Adrian. Sports and Exercise Biomechanics.Taylor & Francis.
4. Groves, R and Camaine, D. (1983). Concepts in Kinesiology. (2nd. ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing.
5. Hall, Susan J. Basic Biomechanics. Mosby Year Book
6. Hay, J. (1978). The biomechanics of sport techniques. (2nd. ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
7. Hay, J. & Reid, J. (1982). The Anatomical and Mechanical Bases of Human Motion. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
8. Luttegens, Kathryn., Deutsch, Helga., Hamilton, Nancy. Kinesiology-Scientific
9. Nordin, M. & Frankel, V. (1990). Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
10. Northrip, J., Logan, G. & McKinney, W. (1983). Analysis of Sport Motion. (3rd. ed). Dubuque: William C. Brown.
11. Rasch, P. (1989). Kinesiology and Applied Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
12. Shaw, D., Mechanical Basis of Biomechanics, Delhi: Sport Pub., 2000.
13. Shaw, D., Mechanical Basis of Biomechanics, London: A&C, 2003.
14. Shaw, D, Pedagogic Kinesiology, Khel Sahitya Kendra 2007.
15. Thompson, C. (1985). Manual of Structural Kinesiology. (10th Ed.). St. Louis: Times Mirror/ Mosby College Publishing.
PAPER NO. – IV (ii) Module-II
SUBJECT SPECIALIZATION – EXERCISE & SPORT PSYCHOLOGY
UNIT-I PERSONALITY & SPORT
1.1 Concept and definition of personality
1.2 Personality theories - (trait, psychoanalysis, behavioral, biological & social learning theory, humanistic theory)
1.3 Personality traits of elite athletes
1.4 Personality an sport interactionism
UNIT-II ANXEITY & AROUSAL
2.1 Concept and categories of emotions
2.2 Neurophysiological basis of anxiety and arousal
2.3 Role of autonomic nervous system in anxiety and arousal states
2.4 Effect of anxiety and arousal on performance in sport
2.5 Anxiety and arousal theories
§ Inverted - U theory
§ Drive theory
§ Fazey & Hardy’s catastrophe model
§ Apter’s reversal theory
UNIT-III PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS IN SPORTS
3.1 Meaning and concept of psychological skills
3.2 Implication of psychological skills
3.3 Various psychological skills
§ Attention
§ Concentration
§ Confidence
§ Imagery
§ Anxiety management
§ Independence
UNIT-IV SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
4.1 Concept & theory of affiliation
4.2 Social isolation & affiliation in sports
4.3 Concept of self-efficacy, self-esteem and self - concept
4.4 Audience effect - social facilitation, home ground advantage
4.5 Aggregation in sport
4.6 Concept and theories of aggregation instinct, frustration aggregation, social learning theory acquired
4.7 Sport aggression - innate and acquired
4.8 Individual differences in aggression
UNIT-V COUNSELLING AND MENTAL HEALTH OF PARTICIPANTS AND ATHLETES
5.1 Concept of counseling
5.2 Expectation of different athletes
5.3 Counseling process
5.4 Exercise and sport as promoters of good mental health
5.5 Mental health & mental hygiene perspective
5.6 Principles of mental health
5.7 Level of aspiration & achievement – a mental health perspective
REFERENCES
Psychology
PAPER NO. – IV (ii) Module-II
SUBJECT SPECIALIZATION – PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION & CURRICULUM DESIGN
PROFESSIONAL REQUIREMENTS
UNIT-I HIERARCHY OF SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS, FUNCTIONS OF SPORTS BODIES- GOVERNMENTAL AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL.
UNIT-II ACADEMIC (SCIENTIFIC) INTERACTION:
2.1 Conferences, seminars, symposium, workshops etc.
-Preparation of abstracts
-Writing and presentation of papers
-Poster presentation
2.2 Conducting a scientific session (Role of chairperson, co- chairperson, reporters)
UNIT-III PROFESSIONAL RELATION
3.1 Principles and philosophy of democratic relation
3.2 Intra and inter relationship among administrators, colleagues, Student/client group, Community
UNIT-IV METHODS OF TEACHING AND INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP
4.1 Principles influencing physical education teaching
4.2 Methods of teaching
- Command Style
- Demonstration Method
- Task Method
- Exploration Method
- Problem solving Method
4.3 Developing teacher competencies
4.4 Developing qualitative of researcher
UNIT-V VALUES AND ETHICS
5.1 Developing code of conduct
5.2 Developing departmental policies
5.3 Prevailing Licensing trends in physical education and sports, its implication in the Indian reference
5.4 Professional commitments
PRACTICAL
REFERENCES
1. Adams William C. Foundation of Physical Education Exercise and Sports Sciences, Philadelphia, 1991
2. Gupta Rakesh, Sharma Akhilesh, and Sharma Santosh, Professional Preparation and Curriculum Design in Physical Education & sports Sciences, New Delhi, Friends Publications, 2004
3. Hoover. Kenneth H., The Professional Teacher’s Handbook, Boston, Allyn and Bacoon, 1972
4. Krik David, Physical Education and Curriculum Study, Kent, Croom Helm, 1988
5. Sandhu Kiran, Professional Preparation and Career Development in Physical Education, New Delhi, Friends Publications, 2004
6. Sandhu Kiran, Trends and Development in Professional Preparation in Physical Education, New Delhi, Friends Publication, 2006
7. Wessel Janet A, and Kelly Luke, Achievement-Based Curriculum Development in Physical Education, Philadepia, Lea and Febiger, 1986
8. Zeigler E.F, Professional and Scholarly Foundation of Physical Education and Kinesiology, Sports Educational Technologies, 2007
PAPER NO. – IV (ii) Module-II
SUBJECT SPECIALIZATION –SPORT SOCIOLOGY
UNIT-I SOCIETY AND IMPACT OF SPORT
1.1 Definition and concept of society
1.2 Type of society and sport
1.3 Sports in human society (ancient, feudal, capitalistic and socialistic)
1.4 Structure of various sports group
1.5 Cohesiveness in various sports
UNIT-II CULTURE AND SUB CULTURE
2.1 Culture and sport culture
2.2 Components and mechanism of sport culture
2.3 Cultural relativism and culture lag
2.4 Sport as a social phenomenon
2.5 Sports as a commodity
UNIT-III SPORT AND ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INSTITUTION
3.1 Sport and business
3.2 Psycho-social implications of revenue generation and revenue
sharing among various stakeholders in sport organizations
3.3 Sponsorship in sport
3.4 Political ideology and sport
3.5 Politics in sport
UNIT-IV SPORTS AND STRATIFICATION
4.1 Sport and stratification (classes, castes, genders, age)
4.2 Social stratification and mobility
4.3 Social classes and primary and secondary involvement in sport
4.4 Individual personality, identity, action in sport
4.5 Moral character and sport
UNIT-V SPORT AND DISCOURSE
5.1 Power play and sport
5.2 Sports culture in colonial period in India
5.3 Amateurism and professionalism
5.4 Structuralism and post structuralism
PRACTICAL AND ASSIGNMENT
1. Scale of cultural determination and modernization scale.
2. Prepare a paper on topic from any unit of your choice with at least 15 references.
3. Present a paper on any topic from any unit other than assignments given above by adopting empirical (data-based) and analytical approach.
4. Construct an open pedagogical design of team preparation for an inter-college competition in game if your choice.
REFERENCES
Sociology
1. SPORT IN SOCIETY, ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES by Joy. J. Coaplay. Mcgraw Hill International edition 1997
2. THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPORT B.D.Mc Pherson, J.E.Curtis, and J.W. Loy Human Kinetics books Champaign Illinois U.S.A.1989
3. UNDERTAKING SPORT – AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SOCIOLOGY AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF SPORT J.Hosue, A. Tomlinson, G. Whannel, Routbdge, New York 1999
4. SPORT AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS, A GUIDE TO THE ANALYSIS PROBLEMS LITRETURE by J.W. Loy, B.D. Mc pherson , G. Kenyon, Addison wesley publishing company Messachuslls 1978
5. WORLD WIDE TRENDS IN YOUTH SPORT, P.D. Knop, L.M. Engstrow, B. Sbisstadd M.R.Uleiss Human Kinetics 1996
6. POWER AND RADIOLOGY IN AMERICAN SPORT, A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE, G.H Sege Human Kinetics 1998
7. SOCIOLOGY, THE BASICS by M.Abrow Roulledge London 2001
8. SAMAAJSHASTRA AVDHARANAAYE AUR SIDHAANT, Dr. J.P. Singh, Prentis Hall of India New Delhi 1999
9. SAMAAJSHASTRA KE SIDHAANT, Writer Vidhyabhushan, Dr. D.R. Sachdeva, Kitaab Mahal Ellahabad 1979
10. Sociology Basic concepts by H.K. Rawat, Rawat Publication 2007
11. Learning Experience in Sociology of Sport by Lusan L. Greendoefor, C.A. Hasbroob, Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illions U.S.A. 1991
12. Moping Sense of Sports, by Ellis Cashmore Routeedge, New York, 2000
13. Dictionary of sociology, Penguine reference
14. Social issues in Sports by Ronald B. Woods Human Kinetics 2007
15. Stanly eitzan and George H. Sage, Sociology of world American Sports, Bastow, M. A: W C B/Mcgraw Hill 1997
16. Sports in Contemporary Society: An ethnology worth publications, New York-2001
17. Sport and Society by N.I. panomaryow, progress publication Moscow-1981
18. Sport and Social Order: Contributions to the sociology of sports by Donald. W. Ball and John W. Joy, Addison Wesley Publishing company 1975
19. Sport and Politics- Edited by G. Redmond Human Kinetics publishers, In Champaign, Illinois 1986
20. Women in Sports, a selected biography by M. Shoebridge, Mansell publishing Ltd. London and New York 1987
21. Theory, Sport and Society by J. Maguire and K. Young JAI, Elsevier Ltd. 2005
22. Sport in South Asian Society Past and Present edited by B. Majuardar and J. A. Morgan Reutledge, New York and London 2005
23. Social aspect of Sport by E.E. Snyder and Prentis Hall Jersey 1978
24. Sports beyond the iron curtain by freeman. S. and Boyes R. London Protcus Publishing Company 1980
25. Sport Spectators by A. Gultmann Colombia University, New York 1986
PAPER NO. – IV (ii) Module-II
SUBJECT SPECIALIZATION – SPORT MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAEGMENT
UNIT-I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Meaning and concept of human resource in sports
1.2 Role of sports professionals in developing humans resources in society
1.3 Public relations
1.4 Group dynamics
UNIT-II PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
2.1 Recruitment sources
2.2 Selection process
2.3 Training-methods
2.4 Appraisal and career advancement
UNIT-III LEADERSHIP
3.1 Meaning and changing concepts of leadership in sports
3.2 Need and significance of leadership
3.3 Leadership traits and types of leadership
3.4 Opportunities for inculcation of leadership skills and traits
UNIT-IV COMMUNICATION
4.1 Meaning and concept of communication
4.2 Channels of communication
4.3 Types and tools of communication
4.4 Communication with media and public
UNIT-V MOTIVATION
5.1 Meaning and concept of motivation
5.2 Type of motivation
5.3 Need and theories of motivation
5.4 Creating and maintenance of motivation
REFERENCES
Sport Management
1. Allen, L.A. Management & Organization. Kogakusha Co. Tokyo, 1988.
2. Hert, Renis, New Patterns of Management, McGraw Hill, 1961.
3. Sivia, G.S. Sports Management in Universities, New Delhi: A.I.U. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, 1991.
4. Sandhu, K. Sports Dynamics: Psychology, Sociology and Management